How to give first aid for accidental ammonia poisoning?

　　Ammonia poisoning is common in rural areas because it is one of the widely used chemical fertilizers.

　　Ammonia water, also known as amonia water, is mainly composed of NH3 · H2O. It is an aqueous solution of ammonia, colorless, transparent and pungent. The melting point of ammonia is - 77 ℃, the boiling point is 36 ℃, and the density is 0.91g/cm ³。 Ammonia is easily soluble in water and ethanol. It is volatile and has the permeability of some bases. Ammonia is prepared by passing ammonia into water. Ammonia is toxic, irritating and corrosive to eyes, nose and skin, and can suffocate people. The allowable concentration in the air is 30mg / m ³。 It is mainly used as chemical fertilizer.

　　Once the skin is contaminated with ammonia, rinse it with clean water or 2% vinegar; If there are redness, swelling and blisters on the skin, wash it with 2% vinegar; If there are redness, swelling and blisters on the skin, wet compress with 2% boric acid solution. If the nasal mucosa is strongly stimulated, 1% ephedrine solution can be dropped. In severe cases, chymotrypsin should be inhaled.

　　If ammonia splashes into the eye, wash it repeatedly with normal saline immediately, and then drip chloramphenicol eye drops. If you still feel uncomfortable, you must ask a doctor for emergency treatment.

　　In case of ammonia inhalation poisoning (severe irritation of respiratory tract, eyes, nose, skin and mucous membrane, accompanied by cough, runny nose, itching, shortness of breath, cyanosis, irritability and other symptoms), let him leave the scene quickly and take off his clothes and trousers contaminated by ammonia; Take 50-100 ml of vinegar orally and 50 mg of vitamin C 3 times a day; In case of throat infarction, emphysema and other symptoms, please ask a doctor for emergency treatment to avoid accidents.

　　Warm tip: when using these volatile chemical fertilizers, it is recommended to wear a mask, which is not easy to be inhaled and cause poisoning.